Rita,
It is my absolute pleasure to help answer your questions.
1 – GREAT question! The reality is there appears to be different types of autism, but in general it involved speech/communication problems, aberrant behaviors, and cognitive challenges. Ultimately, at is core Autism is a dysregulated nervous system involving various aspects of developmental and cognitive challenges.
2 – No. There has been nothing found that is linked to one gene defect for autism. There are various genetic abnormalities that can be associated with autism, but these same genetic abnormalities can be seen with other people too who are not autistic, e.g., MTHFR.
3 – Yes. It is possible for someone to get diagnosed with an autism-spectrum disorder as an adult.
4 – Similar, but not exactly the same. Most Asperger’s individuals have language and communication skills. I see Asperger’s as its own spectrum that has some overlap with Autism. There are people who are introverted, but do not have Asperger’s characteristics. Many people with Asperger’s have heightened anxiety and/or poor social interaction capabilities.
5 – I am always look at the biological and biochemical aspects of Autism and related disorders. I appreciate the diagnosis, but the diagnosis is label provided by a set of characteristics. It tells me nothing about what is happening biologically. That is what biomedical intervention is all about…trying to peel the layers back to see what could be triggering the problem(s).
I hope this helps.
Dr. Woeller