Quinolinic Acid Image and Article Link

Home Forums Autism Mastery Brain & Nervous System Inflammation Quinolinic Acid Image and Article Link

Viewing 3 posts - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
  • Author
    Posts
  • #435
    DrWoeller
    Keymaster

      Hello,
      I just found this fantastic image of Quinolinic Acids adverse effects at the cellular level. Notice the increase in intracellular Ca++ causing a depletion of glutathione (GSH) and subsequent toxicity of mitochondria (via Complex II damage). Also, notice the activation of ‘lipases’ and an arrow pointing to the cell membrane with AA release. AA is arachidonic acid which is linked to Phospholipase A2 something I will be talking about tomorrow during the Q&A.

      Also, here is the link to the article (the file size is too large to upload here) about Quinolinic Acid toxicity from which the attached image comes from – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296489/. We will put this article in the ‘additional documents’ section of the resource center. Feel free to download the article for future reading.

      Listed below is a caption paragraph explaining the picture of cellular effects of Quinolinic Acid.

      Sincerely,
      Dr. Woeller

      Schematic representation of the classical proposed mechanisms by which quinolinic acid (QUIN) exerts toxicity in the Central Nervous System. Firstly, increased levels of QUIN in the extracellular domain are achieved after inflammatory-induced glial activation. QUIN can then act in several nonexcluding ways: (1) stimulating NMDAr and, together with other endogenous excitatory agents (glutamate), to induce excitotoxic events further leading to exacerbated intracellular calcium-mediating signaling and recruiting more calcium from internal storages (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum). QUIN can then act with other inner toxic signals, including mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) formation, protease activation, etc. Altogether, the above interactions lead to necrotic and apoptotic cell death. (2) QUIN directly interacts with free iron ions to form toxic complexes that exacerbate ROS/RNS formation, oxidative stress and excitotoxic events already in course. Eventually, these toxic signals can be extended, thus reaching adjacent cells, either glial or neuronal, hence starting a degenerative chain in the brain.

      Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; COX, cyclooxygenase; L-KYN, L-kynurenine; LOX, lipooxygenase; SOD, superoxide dismutase

      #437

      Thank you, Dr. Woeller…this is great!
      Kim

      #438
      DrWoeller
      Keymaster

        Kim,
        Yes, I thought so too. The picture sums up almost everything perfectly.
        Dr. Woeller

      Viewing 3 posts - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
      • You must be logged in to reply to this topic.